[Conformal radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal cancer patients].

The paper is aimed at the determination of the efficiency of various technologies of conformal radiotherapy for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The study included 56 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated with conformal radiotherapy. 3D-CRT was performed for 28 patients, IMRT--22 patients, RapidArc--6 patients. Dosimetric parameters were determined for planned volumes and organs at risk. TD on high-risk areas was 70Gy, intermediate-risk zones 60-66Gy and low-risk areas 50-56 Gy. There were determined session duration of exposure and the number of monitor units to evaluate the efficiency of treatment. Average (Dmean), maximum (Dmax) and the minimum (Dmin) dose for RapidArc, IMRT and 3D-CRT on PTV amounted to 70.2 Gy, 69.1 Gy and 70.7 Gy; 76.2 Gy, 76.1 Gy and 77Gr; 48.8, 54.4 and 46,6Gr respectively. Compared with IMRT and 3R-CRT RapidArc reduce Dmean in the brainstem and optic nerves by 14.1% and 23%; 12.2% and 25% respectively. The average number of MU (monitor unit) with RapidArc, IMRT and 3D-CRT was 357, 1386 and 870. The average session time of irradiation was: with RapidArc, IMRT and 3D-CRT--300, 900 and 480 seconds. Compared with IMRT and 3D-CRT average treatment time and the number of monitor units in RapidArc were reduced by 74%, 42% and 67%, 47%. Thus RapidArc and IMRT technologies allow getting a better dose distribution in the irradiated volume, compared with 3 D-CRT on homogeneity and conformity. RapidArc technique reduces the pressure on the critical organs, diminishes exposure to the session and a number of MU.

[Study of testicular cancer gene expression in samples of oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth].

Cancer-testis (CT) antigens are normally expressed mostly in human germ cells, there is also an aberrant expression in some tumor cells. This expression profile makes them potential tumor growth biomarkers and a promising target for tumor immunotherapy. Specificity of CT genes expression in oral malignant and potentially malignant diseases, e.g. oral leukoplakia, is not yet studied. Data on CT genes expression profile in leukoplakia would allow developing new diagnostic methods with potential value for immunotherapy and prophylaxis of leukoplakia malignization. In our study we compared CT genes expression in normal oral mucosa, oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. We are the first to describe CT genes expression in oral leukoplakia without dysplasia. This findings make impossible differential diagnosis of oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma on the basis of CT genes expression. The prognostic value of CT genes expression is still unclear, therefore the longitudinal studies are necessary.

[Docetaxel as a component in the combined therapy of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the glottis and oral cavity].

Two modalities of chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell cancer of oro-hypopharynx and oral cavity were compared in the treatment of 34 patients. Five-year survival after cisplatin, 5-FU, taxotere, and carboplatin plus irradiation with TTD of 68-72 Gy (group 1) was 59.5% versus 13.8% without taxotere (group 2). Relapse was in 9 cases (60%) (4 - group 1 and 5 - group 2). Post-therapeutic complication stage III-IV was 57.8% (group 1) and 48% (group 2).